Prime minister Winston Churchill
On the advantages of there being a prime minister
By Cacildo Marques - Sao Paulo
A)
President. The president starts to suffer less pressure, like Thomas Jefferson
wanted. The existent presidential system is not what Jefferson designed, when
he defined that the president would be a leader to represent the federation,
served by a very small body of officials, delegating the function of governing
for the governors. It is not at random that up to today the position of bigger
distinction among the assistants of the president of the USA is that of
Secretary of State, position occupied originally by Jefferson himself, in the
presidency George Washington. What was developed, in practice, is this
presidential system concentrating and suffocating, in what the chief of State
accumulates also the role of chief of government. In the United States, of four
original desks it went on to a number of fifteen. Every president, however, in
the remainder republics of America, is helped by a Secretary of Government, or,
if they are Ministers, by a Minister-chief of the Civil House, but this one
does not divide with the president the task of directing the country, since he
has not the deserved distinction among the holders of the desks of government.
To nominate this assistant how Prime minister means to relieve the president of
the weight of carrying alone the responsibility of the leadership of the
country, besides correcting the perversion that the pragmatism created on the
formulation of Jefferson. (In the USA, the desk more similar to that of a
secretary of government is the Secretary of the Interior, without demerit for
the Secretary of State, which will never lose his importance.)
B)
Crisis. In the moments of untenable difficulty for a government, the Prime
minister is substituted, without there being break in the driving of the State.
Then he can, in harmony with the president, touch the remainder of the
ministry, giving a new configuration to the ruling staff. Differently of what
it takes place in the traditional parliamentarism, together the nomination of
the Prime minister, there is nominated the first Vice-Premier and the second
Vice-Premier, like guarantee of not debauchery of the parliament, of
quadrennial legislature.
C)
Transition. The institution of the position of prime minister pays attention to
a popular demand, once informal inquiries show that more than 80 % of the
citizens want that there is a prime minister (the question on preference for
the parliamentarism is impertinent, something how to ask someone if he prefers
Gluck or Grieg, for the people know the work, but not the names). The steps for
the transition of the degenerated presidential system for the Soft
Parliamentarism are the next ones:
(1) The Secretary of Government - Minister of the Civil House - is the
first one to be indicated by the president;
(2) The Minister-chief of the Civil House becomes a Prime minister, or
Premier;
(3) The Minister-chief, now Premier, helps the president in the choice
of the other Ministers;
(4) The Premier accumulates the position of presidential spokesman, to
gain exhibition;
(5) The Premier is a member of the party with bigger number of chairs in
the House of the Representatives when of the oath;
(6) The Premier cannot have been a president of party in the last four
years before the indication;
(7) Besides the Ministry of the Civil House (or of Government), of the
Premier, there must be only more nine ministries;
(8) Of the ten Ministers, half must be from the Technical Elite and half,
from the Classic Elite; *
(9) The Ministry of the Civil House can accumulate the area of
Science-technology, if it is not in the Education;
(10) Desks: Finance, Industry, Government, Transport, Foreign, Education,
Justice, Agriculture, Defense, Health. **
D)
Stay. With the figure of the Prime minister answering for the ordinary demands
of the government, the president is preserved, released of involvement with
contractors or other commercial interests. He is also free of the involvement
with party interests, and he can, inclusive, disaffiliating of party at the
moment of the oath, starting to represent all of the political tendencies of
the country.
E)
Agreement. With the Prime minister chosen inside the team of the party who
gains the biggest number of chairs in the House of the Representatives, the
voter is sure that he will be governed by the party that has gained the
elections, politically. In case of great party pulverization, it is prudent
sets up the Prize of the Majority, in which the party that does absolute
majority starts to occupy half of the chairs more one. In order that not to be
needed to reach this mechanism, it is necessary to work so that the very number
of parties with representation in the parliament does not pass of nine (when
numbered from 1 to 9). As for the nations of single party system, for having a
healthy dispute to the parliament, they can adopt the sub-lemmas, according to
the proposal of Luis Vicente Varela, of 1870, dividing the party in three
tendencies.
(*) Technical Elite: professionals of exact
sciences and technology; Classic Elite: Professionals of biomedical sciences
and humanities.
(**) The areas of Planning, Energy, Communications, Labour,
Environment and Welfare are, respectively, in the ministries of Finance,
Industry, Transport, Justice, Defense and Health. Commercial culture, Commercial Sport, Tourism
and Mines keep the desk of Industry, while Educative Culture is in the
Education. Interior, Housing, Cities and Social Promotion are in the Justice.
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